"The Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals" is a philosophical work by Immanuel Kant, published in 1785. In this work, Kant aims to provide a foundation for moral philosophy by outlining the principles of moral reasoning. Kant argues that morality is not based on human desires or emotions, but on a rational understanding of what is universally good. He believes that moral principles should be based on reason alone, rather than on tradition or religious authority. According to Kant, the only thing that is inherently good is a good will, which he defines as a will that acts in accordance with duty. He argues that actions should be judged not on their consequences, but on the motives behind them. Kant also introduces the concept of the categorical imperative, which is a moral principle that applies to all rational beings. The categorical imperative states that we should act only in ways that we would want everyone else to act in similar situations. Overall, "The Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysics of Morals" is a significant work in the history of philosophy and continues to influence contemporary discussions of ethics and morality. It presents a compelling argument for a rational, universal foundation for moral principles.
One of the key figures in the Enlightenment was the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724 April 1724 – 12 February 1804). Despite never being married. Kant appears to have led a fulfilling social life. Before writing his main philosophical writings, he worked as a teacher and a mildly successful novelist. He had an extremely disciplined and strict life. He is well recognized for his contributions to metaphysical and ethical philosophy. The False Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures, published in the 1760s, marked the start of Kant's mature work. He was appointed Professor of Logic and Metaphysics at Königsberg University in 1770 at the age of 45. In 1765, he wrote The Sensible and Intelligible World as his first dissertation. In 1781, Kant's Critique of Pure Reason got published. Kant's health was poor for a long time and deteriorated. He died in Königsberg on February 12, 1804, saying "Es ist gut"(it is good) just before he died. Kant was first buried within the cathedral, but in 1880 his remains were transferred to a neo-Gothic chapel that stood next to the cathedral's northeast corner. The chapel was demolished when it deteriorated over time to create room for the tomb, which was built on the same location.
