Fyodor Dostoevsky's story Notes from Underground was initially presented in the 1864 issue of Epoch. It is a first-person account that takes the form of a "confession." Dostoevsky initially published the piece in Epoch under the title "A Confession." The novella presents itself as an excerpt from the memoirs of a bitter, reclusive, unidentified narrator who lives in St. Petersburg and is a retired civil official (sometimes referred to as the Underground Man by critics). Although the novella's first section is written in the style of a monologue, the narrator's dialogue with the reader is sharply dialogized. In the Underground Man's confession, "there is literally not a single nomologically firm, the undissociated word," according to Mikhail Bakhtin. Every word spoken by The Underground Man anticipates another's, with whom he engages in an obsessive mental debate. The Underground Man criticizes modern Russian philosophy, particularly What Is to Be Done by Nikolay Chernyshevsky. The work might be seen as an attack and a rebellion against determinism, which holds that everything, including human individuality and volition, can be boiled down to natural laws, scientific principles, and mathematical formulae. There are two sections to the novella.
Fyodor Dostoevsky, who was born on November 11, 1821, and died on February 9, 1881, was a Russian novelist, short story writer, essayist, and journalist. His name is sometimes transliterated as Dostoyevsky. Dostoevsky's literary works connect with a range of philosophical and religious subjects as they investigate the human condition amid the turbulent political, social, and spiritual environments of 19th-century Russia. His best-known works include The Brothers Karamazov (1872), Demons (1872), The Idiot (1869), and Crime and Punishment (1866). (1880). Notes from Underground, a novella he wrote in 1864, is regarded as one of the earliest examples of existentialist writing. Dostoyevsky, who was born in Moscow in 1821, first encountered literature as a young child through Russian and foreign authors' publications as well as fairy tales and legends. When he was 15 years old, his mother passed away. At about the same time, he quit school to enroll at the Nikolayev Military Engineering Institute. After receiving his degree, he worked as an engineer and temporarily lived a high life, translating books for additional cash. His debut book, Poor Folk, published in the middle of the 1840s, helped him win acceptance into Saint Petersburg's literary community.
