A brief, risqué squib by Mark Twain with the title "1601" was initially published anonymously in 1880 and was ultimately credited to the author in 1906. The pamphlet, which was written as an excerpt from one of Queen Elizabeth I's ladies-in-diaries, waiting's claims to be a transcript of a conversation between Elizabeth and numerous well-known authors of the day. All of the themes mentioned are scatological, including sex, humor about flatulence, and flatulence. The squib was first created in 1876 as a Rabelais-inspired writing exercise for "a highly respected, all-male writing society." It was first released in the "very rare" Cleveland edition of 1880, of which only four copies are thought to exist. The first version was unnamed. Twain learned that Charles Erskine Scott Wood, a man he met while touring West Point in 1881, had access to a personal printing press. The work was still regarded as unprintable and was distributed covertly in privately printed limited editions prior to the court decisions in the United States in 1959–1966 that authorized the publishing of Lady Chatterley's Lover, Tropic of Cancer, and Fanny Hill.
Mark Twain (30 November 1835- 21 April 1910) was born in Florida, United States. He was a Humorist, author, and lecturer. He grew up in Hannibal and later moved to California. In a California mining camp, he heard the story that he published in 1865 and made popular as the title story of his first novel, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County and Other Sketches, in 1867. From his humorous stories, The Innocents Abroad (1869) and Roughing It in 1872, to his appearance as a riverboat captain in Life on the Mississippi in 1883, through his adventure stories of childhood, he got a worldwide audience, mainly for Tom Sawyer (1876) and Huckleberry Finn (1885), known as the masterpieces of American fiction. The ironic A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court in 1889. His eldest daughter passed away in 1896, his wife in 1904, and another daughter in 1909. He expressed his depression about the human character in such late works as the after-death published Letters from the Earth (1962).
